From the 1840s, Britain’s railway network evolved at pace to link the nation’s towns and industrial centres with cities. At the helm were the pioneers of railway engineering, who developed new methods and materials to overcome changes in gradient and topography.

In tandem, steam locomotives evolved to power trains up steep slopes, using bankers for additional power, while braking systems restrained them as they descended the line. A train’s fireman and driver worked together to use the steam power efficiently. The era of steam

ended in 1968, but for new generations, the thrill and nostalgia live on. This volume takes a look at rail lines with gradients of 1 in 100 or greater that were a formidable challenge for locomotives to navigate. ‘The Long Drag’ comprising lengthy ‘up’ and ‘down’ sections on the Settle to Carlisle Railway, is perhaps the best known, its nickname acknowledging the sustained severity of the length of the climb and the motive power required.

Many of these lines in England and Wales are still in common usage, though their gradients are less troubling to today’s engines and passengers will barely recognise the effort. Others have disappeared entirely, their purpose now redundant. Many are in areas of outstanding

countryside, their lineside architecture enhancing the natural environment. From the steepness of the Lickey Incline to the charm of the Welshpool and Llanfair Railway and on to the popular seaside funiculars, this volume reviews a host of different rail lines. It examines their original purpose and tells the story of every build, from commission and contractor, to running each line and the motive power required.

ISBN: 9781836321552

Author: Kenneth Jones

Number of Pages: 288

Format: hardcover

Publication Date: June 22, 2026

Expected Delivery: 22nd June 2026